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- mac2pwd(1) Qualcomm Atheros Open Powerline Toolkit mac2pwd(1)
- NAME
- mac2pwd - Qualcomm Atheros Ethernet Device Password Generator
- SYNOPSIS
- mac2pwd [options] file [file] [ ... ]
- DESCRIPTION
- Read Ethernet MAC addresses from one or more files and print a unique password for each address. Program output is suit‐
- able as input to the Qualcomm Atheros HomePlug AV Production Test System or may be used in custom production systems.
- Input addresses can appear in any order and need not be consecutive. Computed passwords consist of upper case letters
- and digits with optional group separators. Output consists of address/password pairs in text format.
- This program may be used to generate passwords for large numbers of non-consecutive MAC addresses that occur in unspeci‐
- fied order. It complements program mac2pw which generates passwords for consecutive MAC addresses over a given range.
- Options exist to modify the password algorithm, password length and character bunching.
- This program is part of the Qualcomm Atheros Powerline Toolkit. See the AMP man page for an overview and installation
- instructions.
- CAVEATS
- Atheros provides this program as a simple means of generating unique and apparently random device passwords for a large
- volume of Ethernet devices. Two different password algorithms are implemented but neither one is required for HomePlug
- AV compliance. Vendors are free to use other methods to generate their own device passwords and are encouraged to do so.
- Random Method
- Generate random passwords based on system entropy. A different set of passwords is generated for a given address
- range with each program execution. There is no correlation at between addresses and passwords. This method
- secure but requires care when programming and labelling devices at the factory. It may be necessary to maintain a
- database if regular device maintenance and firmware upgrade are needed.
- Device Method
- Generate apparently random passwords based on device address. The same set of passwords will be generated for a
- given address range with each program execution. This method may be appropriate on system where regular mainte‐
- nance and firmware updates are required. This method is not secure because device addresses can be determined
- using a variety of network management programs. Anyone having access to this program, or the algorithm, could
- compute the device password and gain access to device features reserved for privileged users. This program does
- provide features to mitigate the risks of using this method.
- OPTIONS
- -b bunch
- The password bunching factor. Passwords consists of count uppercase letters and digits optionally displayed in
- groups separated by hyphens. The bunching factor specifies the number of letters and digits in each group. When
- bunch is 0 or greater than count, bunching is suppressed. Separating hyphens increase overall password length.
- The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 255. The default is 0 which suppresses bunching.
- -e Compute passwords based on host system entropy. Passwords consist of uppercase letters [A-Z] optionally grouped
- using option -b. This method produces a non-repeatable set of unique passwords over a given address range. This
- method is the default and is secure.
- -l count
- The number of letters in the password string. The default count is 16. Overall password length is the sum of
- count plus the number of delimiters implied by bunch.
- -m Compute passwords based on target device address. Passwords consist of uppercase letters [A-Z]. This method pro‐
- duces a repeatable set of unique passwords over a given address range. This method is not secure.
- -q Quiet mode. Exclude the MAC address on output. This option can be used in scripts to return the password associ‐
- ated with a given MAC address.
- -v Verbose mode. Prefix each line with a '0' column. The Atheros Production Test System (PTS) uses the first column
- of a password database file to indicate which addresses and passwords have already been used.
- -?,--help
- Print program help information on stdout. This option takes precedence over other options on the command line.
- -!,--version
- Print program version information on stdout. This option takes precedence over other options on the command line.
- Use this option when sending screen dumps to Atheros Technical Support so that they know exactly which version of
- the Linux Toolkit you are using.
- ARGUMENTS
- file The name of a file that contains Ethernet address strings. Individual address strings consist of 12 consecutive
- hexadecimal digits. Addresses are seperated by whites space. This allows multiple addresses on a line. There is
- no line length limit. Punctuation is not permitted; however, a hash ('#') or semicolon (';') in any column starts
- comment text that continues to the end of that line. An error in any input file terminates the program with an
- error message.
- EXAMPLES
- An example input file, mac.txt, is shown below. Comment lines document the file. Blank lines are permitted and multiple
- addresses appear on one line. This file contains 5 MAC addresses. Punctuation is not permitted within a MAC address.
- # =================================
- # unused MAC addresses;
- # ---------------------------------
- 00b052000004
- 00b052BABE33
- 00b052BABE34 00b052CAFE05
- 00b052CAFE01
- Another example input file, mac2.txt, appears below. A hash ('#') and a semi-colon (';') are used to hide selected
- addresses. Hidden addresses are ignored because they are comments. This file contains 7 addresses but only 5 will be
- recognized.
- 002b88ffff00
- 002b887fff00
- # 002b88660066
- 002b88660067
- 002b88660063 ; 002b8800FFFF
- 002b88660066
- The next example reads the two files shown above and prints 10 addresses, 5 from each file, with associated passwords.
- Output appears on the console but may be piped to a file or another process.
- # mac2pwd mac.txt more.mac
- 00B052000004 8C69GFCXATB8RA9SF52LK79UD
- 00B052BABE33 MMKGF5SP5DP23KHY27BSLRV2A
- 00B052BABE34 CVBG6QHJFQVVCYSACPAPBZT79
- 00B052CAFE05 MCXUABFPC33CPMXWFWYX5N2KC
- 00B052CAFE01 5GHUWD9YDEL8TCAGEZJ8ESRCC
- 002B88FFFF00 CJCW4VB2HZ37DAK2XE9CGCWZZ
- 002B887FFF00 W2W9AQU5TE8K4ZLH7R3K5C6X4
- 002B88660067 2LWQ5LGBUCDFDYSZYQ2XZSPJ2
- 002B88660063 62NKW6RM87UBZG34KH87AXXEY
- 002B88660066 KNQAGGFH9G9XQGR96GR4HK4SS
- The next example does the the two files, as before but shortens password length and groups password character. Overall
- password length includes password characters plus delimiters. Option -l sets password length to 16 characters. Option
- -b sets bunching to 4 characters.
- # mac2pwd mac.txt more.mac -l 16 -b 4
- 00B052000004 R5YH-E6XG-TECA-24R8
- 00B052BABE33 WBQJ-77PC-VQTX-63Q5
- 00B052BABE34 4M2X-GVUY-6PYH-H5V7
- 00B052CAFE05 Z8JA-A2MV-49JF-WJZZ
- 00B052CAFE01 5L7Z-ZXZP-NUFS-RBKE
- 002B88FFFF00 3RAD-HQPN-92G2-HJKA
- 002B887FFF00 7YD7-9NJJ-39S7-8ZGF
- 002B88660067 HZ6K-SBG5-ZL8S-K2DK
- 002B88660063 MX5K-W7PF-T823-38MJ
- 002B88660066 PDXL-84QH-GKUN-KVEE
- The next example is the same but prints output suitable for input to the Qualcomm Atheros PTS because option -v is speci‐
- fied. The output format is similar to that produced by the Qualcomm Atheros DB Builder Utility for Windows.
- # mac2pwd -v mac.txt more.mac
- 0 00B052000004 ZZYBQP7EAZKBNWWCKKC4HX3AW
- 0 00B052BABE33 LG7XD97UPSBUHA6F7CU28P3WW
- 0 00B052BABE34 8BF288CZN4NTBUFSJAQLUYYNF
- 0 00B052CAFE05 RTK4XHMWKWWD654QRBQGW5UNH
- 0 00B052CAFE01 EE5YLRXD2EGKS6TSGZZK7ES74
- 0 002B88FFFF00 BRYJDWYGP79GFWZN8ZU8ZQ3GN
- 0 002B887FFF00 KEULLGC6PYFAM3FE89TYTSMP6
- 0 002B88660067 H4STMXB67QR22J39MAZQRHHA5
- 0 002B88660063 HKF32QX2GCZKGR3XYTMQCWTRB
- 0 002B88660066 STKF28Q2JXYEMAQZVQSFVTKFB
- The next example omits the MAC address. This may used to generate random passwords for other purposes.
- # mac2pwd -q mac.txt more.mac
- W6QXL6KDY4SZLL538CAMWSH8N
- PMYLFYMNA5TKYU2S6LBJS6QCR
- B2P58XQ2L4JSNR6SXEZ6BSVSN
- GYG6MS8NFEVH8EFBPD483WWCJ
- 44TQ6FYCVSGP9GLS6YSYRTWFQ
- GUGPUJ6284X22ZU4RKXAX5T65
- LGSV6L9Y9398DFY3Z2TUFBCAJ
- H95A2FYV3LNT7BBFSLCLHXEH8
- JXSY7TMKK6CP3LDWNE3M74G87
- V4TEAG2ZX3J3NJHPAJMMQTQNT
- DISCLAIMER
- Qualcomm Atheros reserves the right to modify program names, functionality, input format or output format in future tool‐
- kit releases without any obligation to notify or compensate toolkit users.
- SEE ALSO
- hpavkey(1), hpavkeys(1), keys(1), mac2pw(1), rkey(1)
- CREDITS
- Charles Maier <cmaier@qca.qualcomm.com>
- Pouyan Sepehrdad <pouyans@qti.qualcomm.com>
- Ning Shang <nshang@qti.qualcomm.com>
- open-plc-utils-0.0.3 Mar 2014 mac2pwd(1)
- </pre>
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